Post by davidremember on Feb 10, 2004 1:46:47 GMT
The most complicated Math & Science. –God bless the reader
Time is a part of everything we do, but not easy to comprehend. Nearly everybody has seen a time travel movie or two in his or her life. Almost all of the science-fiction movies are at least a little time-travel based. We are familiar with three-dimensional space travel. Moving up, down, left, right, forward and backward are easy for us to do or to visualize. Time on the other hand is different. Movement in time is limited to forward. It is asymmetrical and one dimensional. This is called time's arrow. It also is applied to memories. We can't remember what we "did" tomorrow. Cause always precedes effect. Time travel is proposed to be possible. Time travel has many different theories, problems, and paradoxes.
There are many theories on time travel. Most of the theories at least partially use Einstein's work. Einstein's theory of relativity states that at speeds close to the speed of light, color, size, time, shape, mass and other variables change slightly. The constant c represents the speed of light (approximately three hundred million meters per second or one hundred eighty six thousand miles per second). The Lorentz factor Sqrt(1-(v/c)sq) is multiplied or divided to all formulas where any of the above variables are concerned, i.e.,d.sq.=a.sq.+b.sq.+c.sq. [.sq. denotes Square] An important equation is energy equals mass times the speed of light squared, E=mc .sq.. In order to understand time travel the laws of thermodynamics need to be known. The first law is the amount of energy in an enclosed area remains constant. The second is the entropy of any enclosed area is increasing. In other words, the universe is becoming more chaotic.
The Lorentz factor can be observed today. We have taken very accurate clocks up into an SR-71 blackbird, while leaving one on the ground. A pilot moving very fast, lost .0001 of a second! Currently, it is possible to travel as fast as one-quarter of the speed of light. At that speed one would lose .03 of every second. The closer we get to the speed of light, the more time slows. Theoretically, an object moving at the speed of light would not move forward in time, because the Lorentz factor is zero. It would seem logical that an object moving faster than the speed of light would go backward in time.
Achieving high speeds is harder than it seems. A massive amount of energy is required. One way to get this energy is to tap it from a black hole. Black holes have massive gravity, so they must have a lot of mass. If one could tap some of that mass for energy and turn it into motion, that would be beneficial. To tap the energy of a black hole, one would need to build a containment device of some sort to prevent the loss of the ship carrying the black hole.
To build a black hole containment device, a little black hole knowledge is necessary. A black hole is defined by three characteristics: mass, charge and angular momentum. Mass is weight without gravity. The black hole can be charged because the equations that affect charging are not affected by the Lorentz factor. As members of the electromagnetic spectrum, charges travel at the speed of light anyway. Angular momentum is the speed at which the black hole turns multiplied by the mass of the black hole.
To build a black hole containment device, one must consider the following conditions. If one can add enough mass to the black hole, then the mass and the angular momentum will increase. If the angular momentum increases enough, then the black hole will turn into a torus. In the middle of the black hole there will be no net gravitational force because all of the parts of the black hole will pull it to the edge. If we put a rod through the middle then attach some sort of electrical device to the rod and charge the rod opposite to the charge of the black hole (usually positive), then the black hole will be attracted to the rod and the rod will be able to control the gravitational field as long as the rod can maintain a current. Now, to use this black hole containment device is to be known.
The mechanics of how to channel the energy from a black hole once it has been contained have not yet been defined. Roger Penrose developed a rotational vortex theory. In his theory, energy can be gained by taking matter from the black hole and converting it into energy. Higgs Boson has a theory of decreasing mass. If one uses Hawking's radiation constant, one would be able to harness the radiation from the black hole and channel it into a converter to gain energy apparently without end. The radiation will end if one waits long enough. The mass inside the black hole is converted to photons and other particles that travel at the speed of light. After all the mass of the black hole is used, the black hole will collapse. If the black hole is still on the ship, then the ship will be destroyed. Not to worry though, the average life span of a black hole, that is not taking in mass, is approximately ten thousand years.
If one can channel enough energy to accelerate a near infinite mass (force is equal to mass times acceleration), then one will skip the speed of light and travel faster than the speed of light, allowing time travel to occur. Any object that could contain a black hole would be more powerful than the Star Wars Death Star.
Wormholes possibly could be used to travel in time. Einstein has proven that space is "curved." If one can imagine that all of space is squashed into a sheet of paper and the paper is folded or curved so that a pencil can pierce both parts of the paper, then one has visualized "curved space." The pencil acts as a wormhole connecting two parts of space. We actually live in four- dimensional space-time. It's not just space that is curved, time is curved as well. That does not change the wormhole. There is simply an additional dimension to warp. If one pictures the four dimensional space-time graph in three dimensions (represented here with two dimensions), then it seems logical that one could travel through time and space with a wormhole. If the paper, which represents space-time, is pulled, then the "wormhole" will move through time. An unstable wormhole will have one side move until both sides of the wormhole meet, and the wormhole will collapse or start spinning through space.
If one takes a look at the vectors that govern time and the magnitudes of each vector, then one could deduce that the two different sides of the wormhole are moving at different speeds through time. In other words, clocks tick at different rates on different sides of the wormhole.
Through anti-matter, one could possibly travel through time. Anti-matter is the opposite of normal matter. It can be created, found, or collected. It travels backward through time, which is why we want it. When matter and anti-matter collide, an explosion occurs, and both the matter and anti-matter are converted to energy. By creating an inverse explosion, anti-matter and matter are created but the anti-matter is hard to collect, partly because it moves backward through time. Anti-matter is generated in large quantities in the sun. A portion of the anti-matter created reaches the earth, but there is not enough to do anything with, unless you have a lot of time to gather anti-matter. The galactic core of some galaxies is producing anti-matter. It would be easy and efficient to collect it, if we were there.
Time is a part of everything we do, but not easy to comprehend. Nearly everybody has seen a time travel movie or two in his or her life. Almost all of the science-fiction movies are at least a little time-travel based. We are familiar with three-dimensional space travel. Moving up, down, left, right, forward and backward are easy for us to do or to visualize. Time on the other hand is different. Movement in time is limited to forward. It is asymmetrical and one dimensional. This is called time's arrow. It also is applied to memories. We can't remember what we "did" tomorrow. Cause always precedes effect. Time travel is proposed to be possible. Time travel has many different theories, problems, and paradoxes.
There are many theories on time travel. Most of the theories at least partially use Einstein's work. Einstein's theory of relativity states that at speeds close to the speed of light, color, size, time, shape, mass and other variables change slightly. The constant c represents the speed of light (approximately three hundred million meters per second or one hundred eighty six thousand miles per second). The Lorentz factor Sqrt(1-(v/c)sq) is multiplied or divided to all formulas where any of the above variables are concerned, i.e.,d.sq.=a.sq.+b.sq.+c.sq. [.sq. denotes Square] An important equation is energy equals mass times the speed of light squared, E=mc .sq.. In order to understand time travel the laws of thermodynamics need to be known. The first law is the amount of energy in an enclosed area remains constant. The second is the entropy of any enclosed area is increasing. In other words, the universe is becoming more chaotic.
The Lorentz factor can be observed today. We have taken very accurate clocks up into an SR-71 blackbird, while leaving one on the ground. A pilot moving very fast, lost .0001 of a second! Currently, it is possible to travel as fast as one-quarter of the speed of light. At that speed one would lose .03 of every second. The closer we get to the speed of light, the more time slows. Theoretically, an object moving at the speed of light would not move forward in time, because the Lorentz factor is zero. It would seem logical that an object moving faster than the speed of light would go backward in time.
Achieving high speeds is harder than it seems. A massive amount of energy is required. One way to get this energy is to tap it from a black hole. Black holes have massive gravity, so they must have a lot of mass. If one could tap some of that mass for energy and turn it into motion, that would be beneficial. To tap the energy of a black hole, one would need to build a containment device of some sort to prevent the loss of the ship carrying the black hole.
To build a black hole containment device, a little black hole knowledge is necessary. A black hole is defined by three characteristics: mass, charge and angular momentum. Mass is weight without gravity. The black hole can be charged because the equations that affect charging are not affected by the Lorentz factor. As members of the electromagnetic spectrum, charges travel at the speed of light anyway. Angular momentum is the speed at which the black hole turns multiplied by the mass of the black hole.
To build a black hole containment device, one must consider the following conditions. If one can add enough mass to the black hole, then the mass and the angular momentum will increase. If the angular momentum increases enough, then the black hole will turn into a torus. In the middle of the black hole there will be no net gravitational force because all of the parts of the black hole will pull it to the edge. If we put a rod through the middle then attach some sort of electrical device to the rod and charge the rod opposite to the charge of the black hole (usually positive), then the black hole will be attracted to the rod and the rod will be able to control the gravitational field as long as the rod can maintain a current. Now, to use this black hole containment device is to be known.
The mechanics of how to channel the energy from a black hole once it has been contained have not yet been defined. Roger Penrose developed a rotational vortex theory. In his theory, energy can be gained by taking matter from the black hole and converting it into energy. Higgs Boson has a theory of decreasing mass. If one uses Hawking's radiation constant, one would be able to harness the radiation from the black hole and channel it into a converter to gain energy apparently without end. The radiation will end if one waits long enough. The mass inside the black hole is converted to photons and other particles that travel at the speed of light. After all the mass of the black hole is used, the black hole will collapse. If the black hole is still on the ship, then the ship will be destroyed. Not to worry though, the average life span of a black hole, that is not taking in mass, is approximately ten thousand years.
If one can channel enough energy to accelerate a near infinite mass (force is equal to mass times acceleration), then one will skip the speed of light and travel faster than the speed of light, allowing time travel to occur. Any object that could contain a black hole would be more powerful than the Star Wars Death Star.
Wormholes possibly could be used to travel in time. Einstein has proven that space is "curved." If one can imagine that all of space is squashed into a sheet of paper and the paper is folded or curved so that a pencil can pierce both parts of the paper, then one has visualized "curved space." The pencil acts as a wormhole connecting two parts of space. We actually live in four- dimensional space-time. It's not just space that is curved, time is curved as well. That does not change the wormhole. There is simply an additional dimension to warp. If one pictures the four dimensional space-time graph in three dimensions (represented here with two dimensions), then it seems logical that one could travel through time and space with a wormhole. If the paper, which represents space-time, is pulled, then the "wormhole" will move through time. An unstable wormhole will have one side move until both sides of the wormhole meet, and the wormhole will collapse or start spinning through space.
If one takes a look at the vectors that govern time and the magnitudes of each vector, then one could deduce that the two different sides of the wormhole are moving at different speeds through time. In other words, clocks tick at different rates on different sides of the wormhole.
Through anti-matter, one could possibly travel through time. Anti-matter is the opposite of normal matter. It can be created, found, or collected. It travels backward through time, which is why we want it. When matter and anti-matter collide, an explosion occurs, and both the matter and anti-matter are converted to energy. By creating an inverse explosion, anti-matter and matter are created but the anti-matter is hard to collect, partly because it moves backward through time. Anti-matter is generated in large quantities in the sun. A portion of the anti-matter created reaches the earth, but there is not enough to do anything with, unless you have a lot of time to gather anti-matter. The galactic core of some galaxies is producing anti-matter. It would be easy and efficient to collect it, if we were there.
Here are my thoughts:
To YOU, the Observer, time is travelling in a straight line. You woke up, jumped in your spaceship, encountered the wormhole, went through, and here you are.
